Luis Alberto Medina Huamaní
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San
Marcos Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal "says nothing Poetry: Poetry
is quiet,
Listening to his own voice"
Adam Martin (Raphael Source Benavides, 1908 -1985)
I. RUDYARD KIPLING : the poet of perseverance and temperance
poetry, fables, myths and legends are rich tools and motivation extremely valuable that we use in the classroom. They are also useful resources to get solidarity habits and attitudes improved through perseverance and hope in every person, no matter what the gender or otherwise. In this article, for the reasons given above, we will analyze the poem "When things go wrong ..." from the British poet Rudyard Kipling, in order to reflect on the importance of Perseverance and Strength (two of the cardinal virtues), the face of adversity. By example and understanding of this poem, we invite our readers to think and act morally right, to be strong and persevering a no rendirse jamás y a no sumirse en la derrota. Antes de centrarnos en nuestro objetivo, conoceremos brevemente la vida, trayectoria y obra del autor que hoy nos ocupa; seguidamente, abordaremos el poema “Cuando vayan mal las cosas” desde una perspectiva estructural, primero; semántica y reflexiva, luego; detallaremos sobre la importancia de la virtud de las perseverancia y la fortaleza, como un medio necesario para llegar a cualquier puerto y obtener el triunfo, el bien supremo por todos anhelado.
Joseph Rudyard Kipling (Bombay, 30 de diciembre de 1865 – Londres, 18 de enero de 1936) fue un escritor y poeta británico nacido en la India. Autor stories, fairy tales, novelist and poet, is remembered for his stories and poems about British soldiers in India and the defense of Western imperialism, and for his fairy tales.
Some of his most popular works are the story collection The Jungle Book (The Jungle Book, 1894), the spy novel Kim (1901), the short story The Man Who Would Be King (Man he could be king, 1888), originally published in the volume The Phantom Rickshaw, or poems Gunga Din (1892) and If-(translated into Castilian as If ..., 1895). In addition, several of his works have been made into films.
Started Freemasonry in their twenties, in the lodge "Hope and Perseverance No. 782" of Lahore, Punjab, India.
was respected in his time as a poet and was offered a national prize for poetry Poet Laureateship in 1895 (Poet Laureate) the Order of Merit and the title of knighthood from the Order of the British Empire (Knight of the Order the British Empire) on three occasions, refused honors. But he accepted the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907 and won the Nobel Prize for Literature youngest to date, and the first British writer to receive this award.
II. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Views and life, work and career of Rudyard Kipling, this section will analyze the poem "When things go wrong ..." from a formalist perspective.
The poem consists of 24 eight-syllable verses collected in 3 paragraphs or stanzas. Presents a regular meter (each line has 8 syllables metric) and a assonant rhyme or imperfect (irregular).
-First paragraph:
1 When things go wrong, 8 SM
as sometimes tend to go; 8 SM
when offering your way 8 SM
slopes only go up; , 7 +1 SM
5 When you have little credit, ; 7+1 SM
pero mucho que pagar, 7+1 SM
y precises sonreír 7 +1 SM
even having to mourn, 7 SM +1
when pain overwhelms you
8 SM 10 and no longer able to suffer, 7 +1 SM
rest perhaps you ... 7 +1 SM
but never give up! , 7 +1 SM
- Second paragraph:
Following the shadows of doubt, 8 SM
and silver, and dark, SM 9-1
15 may well take the win, 7 SM +1
not you feared failure, 8 SM
y no es dable a tu ignorancia, 8 SM
figurarte cuán cercano 8 SM
puede estar el bien que anhelas 8
SM 20 and who judge so far. 8 SM
SM 20 and who judge so far. 8 SM
Fight, then, for more than 8 SM
have in the struggle to endure ... 7 +1 SM
-Third paragraph:
When worst of all, , 8 SM
more we insist! 7 + 1 SM
USO DE LICENCIAS POÉTICAS:
Como ya se habrá notado, Kipling hace uso de las licencias poéticas para lograr una estructura regular en cuanto la versificación. Veamos algunas de estas licencias a las que apela el poeta:
1. La ley de los acentos finales: si un verso termina en palabra aguda se considera que tiene una sílaba más
¡Pe –ro –nun –ca – de –sis –tir! (7 sílabas métricas)
En este verso, por ejemplo, contamos 7 sílabas métricas; si analizamos la sílaba tónica del infinitivo “desistir”, notamos que es palabra aguda, lo cual permite añadir una sílaba más, por la ley de los acentos finales. Entonces, la versificación final es la siguiente:
¡Pe –ro –nun –ca – de –sis –tir! (7+1= 8 sílabas métricas)
2. La sinalefa: es la unión en una sílaba de la vocal final de una palabra y la inicial de la palabra siguiente:
Co –mo a –ve –ces –sue –le o –cu -rrir (8 sílabas métricas)
3. Syneresis, contrary to the umlaut phenomenon: two vowels are pronounced gap in one syllable
Ya-pla-te to-das,-ya-som-bre-as (9-1 = 8 syllables metric)
USE OF LITERARY FIGURES:
There are three notable literary figures, recurring anaphora, metaphor and underlying antithesis.
-Anaphora:
"When things go wrong, "
" when offering your way "
" When you have little credit,
"when the pain overwhelms you"
"When worse all, "
" and precisely smiling
"and can no longer suffer,"
"and it is not feasible to your ignorance,"
"and to judge so far"
-literary metaphors and images:
Things Your Way
Soon there
The shadows of doubt
-Antithesis:
Failure / success
Pain / hope
desist / insist
Lose / win
Suffering / rest
Smiling / mourn
Mal / well
LIETARARIAS FIGURES TO QUALIFY:
Little
Shadow of doubt
Well you crave
When everything is
worst THE GOOD, THE HAPPINESS, GOOD:
smile
rest
well
expression indicating the failure, hopelessness, MAL:
hills to climb
little
mourn
pain
burdening suffer
withdraw
shadows
doubt
expression indicating PATH THE LIFE AND DIFFICULTIES AND OBASTÁCULOS:
things your way
the shadows of doubt
ESTRUCTURA GRAMATICAL:
SUSTANTIVOS : cosas, veces, camino, cuestas, haber, dolor, sombras, dudas, triunfo, fracaso, ignorancia, bien, brega.
VERBOS Y PERÍFRASIS VERBALES: vayan, suelen ir, ofrezca, tangas, precises, agobie, puedes sufrir, debas, puede surgir, temías, anhelas, juzgas
VERBOIDES : ir, subir, pagar, sonreír, teniendo, llorar, sufrir, descansar, desistir, surgir, insistir.
III. ANÁLISIS STRUCTURAL BUILDING THE TOPIC / DISCUSSION VIVENCIAL
Kipling makes use of metaphors, as noted above. For this he uses a lyrical sender (the poetic) using the second person is receiving grammar and the human person, who writes a message of encouragement, hope and perseverance and fortitude.
"Things" connotes everything that could happen to the human person (whether material or spiritual).
"Your way" refers to the life, career, the move of man in life, which begins at birth and finaliza con la muerte.
Las “cuestas que subir”, mediante estas imágenes, el poeta representa todo tipo de obstáculos, las adversidades y pesares por los que atraviesa el ser humano.
“Poco haber” y “mucho que pagar” son expresiones que invitan a reflexionar sobre la desesperanza, la pesadumbre, el fracaso (profesional, personal, moral, etc.).
“Las sombras de las dudas” connotan la incertidumbre, la inseguridad, lo incierto del mañana.
Por otro lado, mediante la antítesis, el enunciador lírico logra una contrast of meanings, not necessarily explicit. Thus we have the victory is in contrast to failure, hope, pain, perseverance, with the weakness, the good, the bad. Then, we present an atmosphere of pain, despair, and although they are situations that lead to failure, upset and unhappy human being, away from this kind of happiness, prosperity, success and happiness. However (and here is the lyric role of sender), the poet challenges the caller and ordered him not to give, not ever give up against adversity. Exhorts his partner to live forever in the struggle and hope through the virtue of perseverance and fortitude. To achieve this makes use of the appellate function of language and the use of the verb in the second person of the subjunctive and imperative.
The subjunctive serves the poet to present possibilities, probable events that lead to failure, suffering, devastation and human misery: "When things go wrong," "When you walk alone offers slopes to climb, "" When you have little credit and much to pay, "" when the pain can overwhelm you and do not suffer because "... These expressions highlight the difficulties and hardships through which man passes. But we must not "give up" because of the way of " shadow of the doubt and despair "can arise success" (not failure) may be the good man longs for so much and sometimes judged too distant or impossible. Do not give up then, not giving up despite the pain, tears, suffering and uncertainty, on the contrary, we should insist more!, Perseverance, then, is the final and most relevant.
Then, to reinforce this message of encouragement, the speaker uses lyrical appellate function of the language through use of the verb in the imperative: "struggle, then, for more you have (...) to suffer" " When everything is worse, más debemos insistir!”.
Además el poeta hace uso de la anáfora:
“Cuando vayan mal las cosas,”
“cuando ofrezca tu camino solo cuestas que subir”
“Cuando tengas poco haber y mucho que pagar”
“cuando el dolor te agobie”
“¡Cuando esté peor todo,”
Mediante este recurso fónico, Kipling not only seeks to obtain a sound effect in diction, but also tries to strengthen their focus (the same as we have shown in previous paragraphs.) The terms "When things go wrong," when you walk alone offers slopes to climb, "" When the pain overwhelm you ", etc., Are adverbial subordinate clauses, syntactic, semantic content denotes the notion of temporality and condition at the same time.
So "when" (relative adverb of time and temporality transpositor element) refers to a particular time possible, the passage of human existence, the arrival of an unwanted event, but possible, hopeless, stressful and conducive to unhappiness: the emergence of evil in human life.
"When, simultaneously, this time from a fully semantic combination is equivalent to the conditional" if "in colloquial terms tantamount to saying:" If things go wrong, as it may sometimes happen, " you should never give up, but much more emphasis.
Finally, and in conclusion, Kipling sender uses a lyric that goes to the individual making use of the second grammatical person (You). This poem is thus a call to the constant struggle to achieve the highest good, and the highest good results in victory, happiness, love and moral integrity. This is a well managed with the virtues of perseverance and strength, two of the cardinal virtues of Christian doctrine.
The final and definitive message is then: "When things go wrong," when you walk alone offers slopes to climb "... be consistent, strong, firm and dignified. As consistency is the virtue which consists in maintaining the grace until death. Means remain constant perseverance in pursuing what was begun in an attitude or a opinión. Para ello, para lograrlo, el hombre necesita de la virtud de la fortaleza, la firmeza y la dignidad son dos elementos conducentes a ello.
IV. CONCLUSIÓN
El poema es un discurso con un tono marcadamente apelativo, puesto que predomina el uso de la función apelativa o conativa del lenguaje. Para lograrlo, el enunciador lírico hace uso de una métrica regular y de algunas figuras literarias como las metáforas, la antítesis y la anáfora.
El poema en su conjunto, como una unidad de sentido y como un acto de habla perlocutivo, intenta persuadir a la persona humana o no rendirse nunca ante las adversidades, sino a luchar siempre hasta lograr el bien anhelado, la fecilidad: es una apología a la lucha por lograr los objetivos y a la superación personal mediante las virtudes de la perseverancia y la fortaleza. El mensaje subyacente y final es el siguiente: sé perseverante y no claudiques jamás, porque en este mundo nada está perdido ni definido y todo pasa y todo vuelve a ser. En términos de Alfredo Bryce Echenique: “No hay fiesta que dure cien años ni cuerpo que la resista”
NOTA:
El objetivo es uno, y siempre el mismo: hacer los esfuerzos posibles para influir positivamente en todas las personas y lograr cambios de actitudes, sobre todo en aquellas personas they have the delicate role of instructing and educating children.
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